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MBR和GPT的区别   2013/4/9阅读:

现有的PC机架构,是沿用了数十年的主板BIOS+硬盘MBR分区的组合模式。随着不久的将来(2009年?)硬盘容量突破2TB,BIOS+MBR组合估计会被主板EFI和硬盘GPT分区的组合模式取代了。

沿用了数十年的PC机主板架构是BIOS模式。但在2004年,微软和英特尔共同推出一种名为可扩展固件接口(EFI)的主板升级换代方案。EFI,即可扩展固件接口(Extensible Firmware Interface),EFI的位置很特殊,不像是BIOS那样是固件又是接口,EFI只是一个接口,位于操作系统与平台固件之间。到目前为止,现有的PC机主板绝大部分还是BIOS模式,EFI主板寥寥可数。

MBR,主引导记录(Master Boot Record),也就是现有的硬盘分区模式。MBR分区的标准决定了MBR只支持在2TB以下的硬盘,超过2TB的硬盘只能管理2TB!为解决这个大问题,微软和英特尔在EFI方案中开发了GPT分区模式。

GPT,全局唯一标识分区表(GUID Partition Table),GUID,全局唯一标识符 (Globally Unique Identifier) 。GPT是EFI方案的一部分,但并不依赖于EFI主板,在BIOS主板的PC中也可使用GPT分区。与MBR最大4个分区表项的限制相比,GPT对分区数量没有限制,但Windows最大仅支持128个GPT分区。GPT可管理硬盘大小达到了18EB(1EB=1024PB=1,048,576TB),不过NTFS格式最大仅支持256TB。

GPT的分区信息是在分区中,而不象MBR一样在主引导扇区,为保护GPT不受MBR类磁盘管理软件的危害,GPT在主引导扇区建立了一个保护分区(Protective MBR)的MBR分区表,这种分区的类型标识为0xEE,这个保护分区的大小在Windows下为128MB,Mac OS X下为200MB,在Window磁盘管理器里名为GPT保护分区,可让MBR类磁盘管理软件把GPT看成一个未知格式的分区,而不是错误地当成一个未分区的磁盘。

2008年,硬盘容量突飞猛进,1.5T硬盘价格已降至RMB900元以下,在咱们CCF硬件版的帖子就可以看出,1.5T硬盘都已开始在CCFer中普及啦。。。。单碟500G的硬盘也已经面市,预计2T、2.5T硬盘在2009年就会面市。可是,2009年你想把旧硬盘换成2.5T硬盘?且慢!。。。由于MBR分区模式最大只能支持2TB硬盘,2.5T硬盘必须使用GPT分区模式!我们先未雨绸缪,看看Windows对GPT分区的支持情况:

1. Windows 95/98/ME、Windows NT 4、Windows 2000、Windows XP 32 位版本不支持GPT分区,只能查看GPT的保护分区,GPT不会被装载或公开给应用软件;

2. Windows XP x64 版本只能使用GPT磁盘进行数据操作,只有基于安腾处理器 (Itanium)的 Windows系统才能从 GPT 分区上启动;

3. Windows Server 2003 32bit Server Pack 1 以后的所有Windows 2003版本都能使用GPT分区磁盘进行数据操作,只有基于安腾处理器(Itanium)的Windows系统才能从 GPT 分区上启动;

4. Windows Vista 和 Windows Server 2008的所有版本都能使用GPT分区磁盘进行数据操作;但只有基于EFI主板的系统支持从GPT启动。

 

 

 

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